Business System Analysis-Banking-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Depict at any rate three gatherings of clients of this framework including what sort of information they go into the framework or what sort of data they extricate from the framework and whether they depend on different people groups information to get data. Give instances of dynamic bolstered by the framework for each gathering of clients. In the event that conceivable represent your story with screen captures of the UI. Answer: Clients Banking is a predominant industry and have various clients which incorporates, the head, workers, clients, outsiders and others. The clients considered for the regarded situation are the director, clients and workers. Information entered in the framework The directors are the individuals who deals with the general framework and rolls out fundamental improvements in the information of the client and representatives. They remove just as enters the information (for the most part, of the clients) on the framework for the authoritative framework to work. The discussed information might be close to home for lawful money related technique or information gave to the client by the bank for banking purposes. The chairman additionally assesses the information of the worker to screen their presentation. The clients enter the information (gave to them by the bank, for example, account number, client id, PIN and others) into the framework to utilize the financial administrations. They additionally remove information of their value-based history and other essential subtleties. The representatives are the ones who arranges and inputs the subtleties of the clients in the framework. Thus, they likewise enter and removes the information from the framework. Moreover, at events there is requirement for modification of the authoritative information and at that scene, the workers do make the important change by entering or removing the information from the framework. Dynamic Supported by the framework: The dynamic is upheld by the framework as by offering the ongoing information, it empowers the clients of the framework to take essential choice. The choice made on the ongoing update improve the precision of the choice. (Doormen four Generic Competitive Strategy) Doormen four conventional serious systems to gain an upper hand lays base on the variables cost administration, cost center, center and separation. These four key factor can help with accomplishing above-fair execution in the business and in the process accomplish upper hand. A financial association is a money related association and manages the monetary resource along these lines, it their obligation to comprehend the estimation of the cost authority and cost center to pull in an ever increasing number of clients which will thusly offer them upper hand. In any case, the idea of upper hand goes two different ways one if separation and other is by being savvy. By and large, the banks follow financially savvy strategy by offering higher loan fees for cash stores and lower loan costs for credits and comparable subsidizing. The focused on crowd is likewise a strategy for winning upper hand and can be arranged as center or industry-wide. The financial segment ordinarily selects industry-w ide where it offers its administrations to an enormous space od crowd from people to associations, government and others dissimilar to center which is target situated and center around a particular objective. (Watchmen Value Chain) Watchmen Value chain takes thought of five essential exercises of an association that incorporates the inbound coordinations, showcasing deals, tasks, outbound coordinations and the administrations. Auxiliary exercises, for example, the HRM (human asset the board), acquirement, foundation, and innovative advancement can likewise be considered as a component of the worth chain be that as it may, the most noteworthy are the essential. The financial frameworks bolsters all the above-expressed authoritative action be that as it may, the best action. The explanation behind citing the administrations as the most upheld movement by the financial framework lays on the way that with presentation of the web based business, the clients are inclining toward web based financial increasingly more because of its ease and proficiency and the subject (banking frameworks) are intended to help benefits more than some other action. Another remarkable certainty is that the other essential exercises of th e financial business, for example, inbound and outbound coordinations are not of such extraordinary imperativeness to the financial business as that of its administrations. The advertising deals and tasks are imperative exercises of the financial business be that as it may, the vast majority of the associations lean toward doing them physically with help from the innovation and not getting absolutely reliant on them. Subsequently, it tends to be expressed that the explanation behind introducing business framework in the business is to help its administrations and can be utilized to legitimize that the financial frameworks best backings the administration action of Porters esteem chain in banking industry. (Doormen five power Model) Doormen five power model is a system to investigate the opposition of the business. It comprises of the five powers to be specific; dangers from rivals, dangers from new contestants, dangers from set up rivals, bartering intensity of the providers lastly, the dealing intensity of the clients.. The paper has thought about the entire financial area and soother parts are its rivals and investigating dependent on it the accompanying cases have been made. The dangers from the opponent are moderate since banking segment is one of most huge supporter of pretty much every countrys GDP and it is obvious from the way that financial area is one of the main two supporters of the Australian GDP. The explanation behind keeping it in the moderate level is a result of the passage of internet business and digital currency which are budgetary assistance yet can't be included in banking are offering noteworthy rivalry to the subject which can likewise be utilized to guarantee that the power of dangers from new participants is solid to the subject. Built up rivals are a sorry danger to the financial business after the appearance of business frameworks since it is helping the liable to adapt up to the changing time and thus has been classified in powerless. The bartering intensity of the client and the providers will likewise be arranged as frail on the grounds that the administrations and administration charges of banking industry are fixed by the b usiness itself inside the space offered by the legislature. Thus, Porters five power investigation propose that the flat powers are moderate while the vertical powers are frail against the subject. (Dynamic and IS): The overseeing substances (branch, local and others) of the financial business can't screen the movement of the representatives inside the associations constantly. So it gets hard for them to choose the degree of examination that a worker merits. In the talked about situation, IS can end up being of extraordinary essentialness since it offers HRM (human asset the board) and have put away the advancement, execution, corporate morals of every single representative. Contingent upon the workers execution information gave by the IS framework, the senior administration can make suitable examination and in cases can likewise advance, the representative if there is a need of advancement to fill an empty seat. The financial associations is a huge space and a solitary industry additionally have various branches at various areas. The IS framework monitors the presentation of the benefit concerning the normal result for each branch alongside other fundamental records. These kept up records helps the administering elements (CEO, MD and comparable others) in conceiving plans and take essential choices on the eventual fate of every single part of the association. The considered models have demonstrated how, IS helps various degrees of an association in settling on a choice dependent on constant realities. All in all it tends to be expressed that IS bolsters dynamic at various degrees of an association alongside the different advantages it offers. List of sources: Adi, B., 2015. An Evaluation of the Nigerian Telecommunication Industry Competitiveness: Application of Porters Five Forces Model.World,5(3). Boehe, D.M., 2016. The internationalization of administration firms from rising economies: A disguise perspective.Long Range Planning,49(5), pp.559-569. Ditta, A. what's more, Bakhsh, K., 2017. Determinants of Indivdual's Investment Decision in Islamic Banking: A Case Study from Vehari. Eskandari, M.J., Miri, M., Gholami, S., Reza, H. what's more, Nia, S., 2015. Elements Affecting The Competitiveness of The Food Industry by Using Porter's Five Forces Model Case Study in Hamadan Province, Iran.Journal of Asian Scientific Research,5(4), pp.185-197. Gould, A.M. what's more, Desjardins, G., 2015. A spring-clean of Michael Porters Attic: The Canadian broadcast communications segment as a model of restored nonexclusive strategy.Competitiveness Review,25(3), pp.310-323. Indiatsy, C.M., Mwangi, M.S., Mandere, E.N., Bichanga, J.M. what's more, George, G.E., 2014. The Application of Porters Five Forces Model on Organization Performance: A Case of Cooperative Bank of Kenya Ltd.European Journal of Business and Management,6(16), pp.75-85. Moraa, O.R., Senaji, T.A. what's more, Mbithi, M., 2017. Connection between Strategic Responses and Competition in the Sugar Industry in Western Kenya Region.structure,2, pp.1-14. Pearlson, K.E., Saunders, C.S. what's more, Galletta, D.F., 2016.Managing and Using Information Systems, Binder Ready Version: A Strategic Approach. John Wiley Sons. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic administration. McGraw-Hill Education. Saeidi, S.P., Sofian, S., Saeidi, P., Saeidi, S.P. what's more, Saaeidi, S.A., 2015. How does corporate social obligation add to firm money related execution? The intervening job of upper hand, notoriety, and client satisfaction.Journal of Business Research,68(2), pp.341-350.

---------Organism evolve in the Paleozoic era Research Paper

- Organism advance in the Paleozoic time - Research Paper Example With the finish of Paleozoic time came about the mass termination of marine species, The Permian/Triassic eradication (Paleozoic period paleobiology). One of the living beings that developed in Paleozoic time and figured out how to endure the immense and various land and geological changes traversing over 300 years is Spider. Their worldwide nearness even today can't be denied. In the present paper is talked about the exceptional attributes of this life form that added to its transformative achievement and present a concise depiction of its excursion throughout the years. Insects have a place with the request Araneae. They are among the most inexhaustible species supplanted distinctly by the class Insecta, and contains around 42000 existing species having a place with 109 families (Platnick). The most established fossils of genuine creepy crawlies have been accounted for to be from the carboniferous period (312 million years of age), yet their development can be followed to the Devonian. They are in actuality among the principal creatures to have occupied land (Penney and Selden, 8). The interesting morphological and social qualities of bugs keep on astounding specialists and are answerable for the endurance and practically pervasive nearness of creepy crawlies. A portion of these qualities are: Silk is the greatest instrument and weapon of arachnid. It is utilized for cover, development, correspondence, and dispersal of spiderlings. Web making creepy crawlies are fit for remaining unmoving and disguised for long range of time and are assembled by such improvement as prey, mate or predator. Further they have adjustments, for example, middle tarsal hooks to empower them to stroll on silk (Herberstein and Wignall, 8). During development it leaves a dragline silk shaped by the front spinnerets which goes about as a wellbeing line of correspondence for mate. Contingent upon the earth they occupy, they have created organs for headway, for example, paw tufts for land and hydrophobic exoskeletons for water. The sense

Angry Birds Fly at MIT

Angry Birds Fly at MIT On Friday afternoon, the students and staff of the senior capstone Mechanical Engineering course 2.009: Product Engineering Processes took to Killian Court (the big grassy quad by the Great Dome) to fire birds at pigs.   They werent just any birds: they were Angry Birds. In 2.009, the students are divided into 8 different color teams.   By December, they will each develop a prototype of a product that can (and in many cases does) go to market; they present their products at a huge event before impressive industry judges.   I should note that 2.009 is possibly the awesomest course at MIT, and I need no further proof than to note that the class was on Mythbusters. Along the way, the teams do some fun engineering projects.   On Friday, that project was to take revenge on some egg-stealing pigs. Professor David Wallace, the King Pig An instructor-pig Staff dressed up for the occasion The students have been working on their siege weapons this week in preparation for the pig battle: Finally, the day of the competition arrived.   Im told that MIT President Susan Hockfield was among the large crowd watching the action. Munitions The weapons set up in Killian Court The pigs and their defenses A majestic setting for the king pig An impressive-looking air cannon, ready to fire Im sorry, but this is the best action shot I could get it was fast and furious! The awards ceremony took place of the steps below the Great Dome. Prof. Wallace presenting the trophy to the victors.   (The flags at left are in the order of team finish.) In the end, it was the green team and their slingshot that triumphed. Thanks to my colleague Mikey Yang 05 and 2.009 for additional photos. And keep a lookout for video of the competition sometime in the future Post Tagged #2.009

Federal and State Guide Lines for Prison Sentences

Prison sentences may vary based on the type of crime was committed. The length of the sentence will vary according to the severity of the crime and will be imposed by the judge. Worrall indicates, â€Å"there are four type of noncapital prison sentences which include indeterminate sentencing, determinate sentencing, mandatory sentencing, and sentencing guidelines†[ 2 ]. Capital crimes which usually include murder carry the death penalty. For the death penalty to be imposed, constitutional standards must be followed according to federal and state guidelines and law. What types of crimes warrant noncapital prison sentences? There are many crimes that can be committed by an offender that may require the individual to pay fines, serve time in jail or in prison. Although there do exist non-jail time crimes, certain crimes that may not involve aggravating or lethal physical contact with another person may become eligible for a prison sentence. According to the United States Sentencing Commission, â€Å"drug offenses, firearm possessions, theft, identity theft offenders and sex offenders are types of non capital crimes† [ 3 ]. These type of crimes did not carry out a homicide which would then be considered a capital crime. Indeterminate sentences are those that the judge goes to according to guidelines which set a minimum and maximum time that the convicted offender will have to serve in prison. Once sentenced the official body that has custody of the offender will determine when hisShow MoreRelatedmandatory minimum sentence1364 Words   |  6 Pagesminimum sentence occurs when judicial discretions are limited by law (Famm). Those who are convicted of certain crimes must be punished with at least the minimum number of years depending on the offense. Amanda Dollak who received her criminal justice degree at CTU, states â€Å"Mandatory sentences require every individual to receive the same punishment for similar offenses, regardless of how much a judge may object to the sentence†. These mandatory sentencing laws however vary from state to state, andRead MoreThe Wedding Cake Model of the Criminal Jusice System1303 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst police agency and was developed in 1829. The first po lice agencies in the United States were in Boston (1838), New York (1844); and Philadelphia (1854). Criminal justice system was first recognized in 1919, by the Chicago crime commission. The modern era of justice Modern era of justice can be traced to a series of research projects begun in the 1950 under the sponsorship of the American Bar Foundation. 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The prison life is not very fascinating to many people especially for individual who have ever experiencedRead MoreSystem of Prison Management in Pakisan1273 Words   |  6 Pagessystem of prison management in pakistan prison management: 1. types of prisons: In Pakistan prisons are constitutionally under the provinces which are classified into four types, namely: (i) Central Prisons; (ii) Special Prisons; (iii) District Prisons; Class-I, II III; and (iv) Sub-jails. * Central prisons have an authorized accommodation for more than 1000 prisoners, irrespective of the length of sentences. There should be a central prison in each zone/division ofRead MoreEssay on History of Corrections1749 Words   |  7 Pageswere more centered around the social, economic, and psychological pressures on people. The progressives brought up programs that were discussed in 1870 at the Cincinnati meeting. 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While the primary purpose of the United States justice system is to dispense justice, that is not the primary reason for the creation of a separate justice system for Americas Armed Forces. The primary purpose of the militarys system is to provide the military commander with necessary tools to enforce good order and discipline. Thats why, for example, its not considered a crime to be late forR ead More Todays Mafia Essays1186 Words   |  5 Pagesten years hanging-out with gangs. In the 1920s he took over a Chicago organization dealing in illegal liquor, gambling, and prostitution from the gangster Johnny Torrio. (80) Convicted of income tax evasion in 1931 and sentenced to 11 years in prison, he was released in 1939. After obtaining syphilis, he went on to reside in Miami Beach, Florida. (80) Many Italian families are a major influence on the organized crime melting pot. Families such as the Colombos, the Gambinos, the BannannosRead MoreCorrection s Portfolio Paper : Corrections1806 Words   |  8 Pagescorrections experts begun to embrace the concept of professionalism, ethics, a sense of high purpose, a personal long-term commitment, a respect for the fundamental humanity of those supervised, and widely agreed-upon principles and standards that guide the daily work of correctional personnel. Today is an age in which the lofty goals of corrections professionalism will take their place alongside the more traditional components of a still-developing field. Most criminal justice systems have five

Mary Flannery O Connor - 1775 Words

Mary Flannery O’Connor is one of the most well-known short story authors of the twentieth-century. She centers many of her works around the mysteries of religion and the modernization of society. Drawing from her southern heritage and Catholic beliefs, O’Connor creates stories that are â€Å"peopled with strange and grotesque characters and shocking acts of both banality and horror† where â€Å"most of her stories include a moment in which grace is offered, a moment of profound mystery† (Mitchell 211). Her characters are often simple fundamentalists, typifying the most prominent aspect of her works in which the characters are used to demonstrate to her audience the potent reality that society is subjected to maintain. Flannery O’Connor writes from a southern Catholic standpoint, allowing her beliefs as a devout Catholic to heavily influence the structure of her works, focusing much attention on the main characters that are symbolic of the typical ma n. O’Connor describes her works as, â€Å"stories about original sin.† (Mitchell 211) in the sense that her characters inherited the Original Sin of Adam, and are all equally guilty. In her short story, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† Flannery O’Conner exemplifies this notion through the behavior of the main character, the grandmother, and the themes of religion, society and class, and family throughout the story. Much like O’Connor, the grandmother in this short story was raised in a religious setting. This contributes to and defines the way inShow MoreRelatedA Good Man Is Hard, And The Cask Of Amontillado By Mary Flannery O Connor1945 Words   |  8 Pagesa good man† which comes from â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, also themes in the different stories like traditions people follow, and the power that death has. The story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† was published May 12, 1995 and was written by Mary Flannery O’Connor. 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She was an American author whose novels and stories were filled with characters who physically emotional disturbed. Mary was born in Savannah, Georgia on 1925 then she moved to Milledgeville, Georgia with her mother(Regina Cline). OConnor earned a bachelor degree of arts from Womens college of Georgia in 1945and received a master of fine arts from the State University of Iowa. She was most renowned as a writer of short fictionRead MoreFlannery O Connor Is Considered One Of The Most Successful Writer979 Words   |  4 PagesMary Flannery O’Connor is considered one of the most successful short story writers in history. She composed her works during a period of prosperity and economic boom following World War II. Although the economy was thriving, the 1950’s were a period of struggle for women’s rights, as well as other minorities. (Digital History) Based on her success, one could conclude O’Connor exceeded all barriers against women during the fifties. Flannery O’Connor’s life experiences based on her faith, her novelsRead MoreAnalysis Of O Co nnor s Writing Essay707 Words   |  3 PagesCourtney Blackmon Horn English 11- seventh period 29 January 2015 Corruption Within Christ Religion is a big influence in Flannery O Connor s writing. â€Å"The Life You Save May Be Your Own† stresses the idea of good and evil. This can also be viewed at the evil in Christ. The story is set in the early 1900s. â€Å"The Life You Save May Be Your Own† begins with a woman and her disabled daughter sitting on their porch and she notices a man walking towards their home. The man, Mr. Shiftlet, sees an old carRead MoreAnalysis Of O Connor s Writing746 Words   |  3 PagesCourtney Blackmon Horn English 11- seventh period 29 January 2015 Corruption Within Christ Religion is a big influence in Flannery O Connor s writing. â€Å"The Life You Save May Be Your Own† stresses the idea of good and evil. This can also be viewed at the evil in Christ. The story is set in the early 1900s. â€Å"The Life You Save May Be Your Own† begins with a woman and her disabled daughter sitting on their porch and she notices a man walking towards their home. The man, Mr. Shiftlet, sees an old carRead MoreIn class, we have read a couple of Flannery O’ Connor’s short stories which include A Good Man is900 Words   |  4 PagesIn class, we have read a couple of Flannery O’ Connor’s short stories which include A Good Man is Hard to Find, Good Country People, and Revelations. After reading these stories, I noticed that Flannery O’ Connor changes the story but in a sense keeps the same main characters in every story. The main things that change between these characters are how they decide to handle a situation and their names; the things that do not change are often the outlook that they have on the world. 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Though her literature does not preach, she uses subtle, thematic undertones and it is apparent that as her characters struggle through violence and pain, divine grace is thrown at them. In her story â€Å"Revelation,† the protagonist, Mrs. TurpinRead MoreA good man is hard to find2182 Words   |  9 PagesReligion in Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† Flannery O Connor is a Christian writer, and her work shows Christian themes of good and evil, grace, and salvation. O’Connor has challenged the theme of religion into all of her works largely because of her Roman Catholic upbringing. O’Connor wrote in such a way that the characters and settings of her stories are unforgettable, revealing deep insights into the human existence. In O’Connor’s Introduction to a â€Å"Memoir of Mary Ann,† she claims

Ideology and Objectives of Osama Bin Laden and Al-Qaeda Free Essays

string(68) " derived from an Arabic root, which means to struggle or to strive\." Nowadays, every part has been stimulated and affected by various acts of violence and terrorism around the globe. A number of revolutionary movements are being advanced at a very faster rate. In the result, thousands of innocent people have died, and millions of people have lost their homes. We will write a custom essay sample on Ideology and Objectives of Osama Bin Laden and Al-Qaeda or any similar topic only for you Order Now During this mode of international intimidation, we will try to comprehend and discuss one of the major terrorist groups around the world, which has affected millions of people and provided suffering to them. We will try to relate the ideologies and intentions related to one of the specific terrorist groups that has been the cause of various anti-terrorist campaigns, activities, as well as, wars by different and various countries, NGOs, organizations, and thousands of individuals around the world. We will also try to examine their every day activities, their related bodies, as well as, their utilization of the term of ‘jihad’ in their violent processes and other operations of the group. In this regard, we will also try to relate and link some of the major events of violence and terrorism that have occurred in different parts of the world, such as, 9/11 attack, London bombing, etc. Therefore, we will examine if there is anything happening for the elimination and reduction of the deterioration that has been caused by the group around the world. In this way, we will also go through a list of challenges that have to overcome by the different countries and international peace organizations in a mutual and sustainable manner, as all these factors are interrelated with each other in the processes of international peace. History Leadership An armed Sunni Islamist organization and group having the objective and intention to eliminate and eradicate foreign influences from the Muslim countries is Al-Qaeda, which has become one of the significant areas of focus in every country and state. One of the basic objectives of this group is the eradication of the ones, whom they deem and consider being infidels according to their theologies. One of the main purposes of this militant organization is the reestablishment of a state governed by a Caliph (Islamic leader), which is the title given to an Islamic leader controlling the political leadership, as well as, religious leadership in the religion of Islam. In this regard, struggle for the above-mentioned reestablishment of a caliph-governed-state was performed by the adherents of Wahhabism; that is, an orthodox conventional Islamic movement, which was named after its founder, Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab, and Salafism; another orthodox Islamic fundamentalist movement. They are the prominent pioneers and militants of this armed group. These two movements of their Islam are very dominant in Saudi Arabia, Western Iraq, and Qatar. These countries played a vital role in the encouragement of the revolutionary activities of this militant group. In the year 1980, a Muslim organization was founded, namely ‘Maktab al-Khadamat’ (Place for Service) that resulted in the evolution of Al-Qaeda according to some of the experts and analysts in this field, which vary in number and cannot be specified in a paper. War against the Soviets, particularly, in Afghanistan, channelizing of funds, and recruitment of personnel who were trained by the Al-Qaeda were some of the main objectives of establishment of this organization. A Palestinian Islamic scholar, A. Azaan has been considered as the founder of this organization. He is considered as one of the influential leaders that remained the reason of Al-Qaeda activities for a long period. In this regard, paramilitary training camps were established and organized by this group, and Bin Laden was convinced and influenced by the Palestinian founder. In the result, funds were raised from the petro-billionaires of the Gulf, as well as, some of the royal families for this organization. However, some of the experts have analyzed that a major role has not been played by the MAK in the advancement of Al-Qaeda as a powerful opponent of the Western countries. The group is generally recognized by its leader, Osama bin Laden, whereas, Ayman al-Zawahiri has also influenced the practice, as well as, theory of this organization. A common cause is linking many collaborative and independent working cells, which may exist in more than one country, resulting in its operations to be not centralized from one place. The September 11 attacks on New York’s World Trade Center, as well as, on the Pentagon were the result of planning and execution of the abovementioned group that has committed multiple terrorism acts in the name of a term ‘jihad’ in the religion of Islam. In response, a number of series of legal, as well as, military operations were launched against the militant group, Al-Qaeda by the United States, which was supported by many other developed and developing countries, such as, Jordan, England, Egypt, Canada, Pakistan, etc. The United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, NATO, and the United Nations, have officially designated this group as harmful and terrorist organization due to its continuous radical acts in different parts of the world. Thus, in this section, we have tried to discuss the leadership and initial years of the Al-Qaeda briefly. Case Studies In late October 2001, al Jazeera, a Middle-east television network’s journalist, Tayseer Alouni, videotaped the Osama bin Laden’s interview, while he was explaining the origin of his group. In his interview, Osama said, ‘The name ‘al Qaeda’ was established a long time ago by mere chance. The late Abu Ebeida El-Banashiri established the training camps for our mujahedeen (trained force) against Soviet’s terrorism. We used to call the training camp al Qaeda [meaning â€Å"the base† in English] and the name stayed. In this interview of the year 2001, he used the word mujahedeen, which is used to describe the Muslims, who are ready to sacrifice their lives in any war or a meaning of struggle, often taken in the words, Jihad. In true Islamic context, it is an Islamic term that was derived from an Arabic root, which means to struggle or to strive. You read "Ideology and Objectives of Osama Bin Laden and Al-Qaeda" in category "Papers" In the light of abovementioned reference, in religious terms, an inner effort and struggle for the mobilization of energies, in order to make one, a pious Muslim spiritually is called Jihad. Secondly, it is an attempt to serve the Islamic community and ummah through the mentioned capabilities. In extreme circumstances, it is regarded in military terms through the conquest of enemy’s territory or power. After knowing the true definition of Jihad in its Islamic terminology, a nonprofessional person can articulate that the ideology of Islam, which is being presented by these militant groups are fake and ridiculous. Islam is a religion of peace, which requires a Muslim to submit his will to the Almighty Allah, one God. Whereas, no Islamic context or Allah’s words have ordered to kill innocent people and frighten them with the bombings and suicide attacks. Historically, if we investigate and analyze the origin of Al-Qaeda, we come to know that it was originally established, where training was given to thousands of mujahedeen, and they were recruited in Soviet by the militant organization. In the month of January 2001, the U. S. Department of Justice used the term Al-Qaeda for the first time, when four men were accused in the case of United States embassy bombings in East Africa. Again, if we examine the concept of Al-Qaeda for these militant acts, we can take the example of another part of the previously mentioned interview of October 2001. During the interview, the Al-Qaeda leader was asked regarding his sources that were supporting his activities financially. In reply, Osama bin Laden said, ‘This battle is not between al Qaeda and the U. S. This is a battle of Muslims against the global crusaders. In the past, when al Qaeda fought with the mujahedeen, we were told, â€Å"Wow, can you defeat the Soviet Union? † The Soviet Union scared the whole world then. NATO used to tremble of fear of the Soviet Union. Where is that power now? We barely remember it. It broke down into many small states and Russia remained. God, who provided us with his support and kept us steadfast until the Soviet Union was defeated, is able to provide us once more with his support to defeat America on the same land and with the same people. We believe that the defeat of America is possible, with the help of God, and is even easier for us, God permitting, than the defeat of the Soviet Union was before. ’ According to this statement of the leader of Al-Qaeda group, this war is not with the United States, which is often assumed by the media, but with the global crusaders. Even if we accept this statement of the militant chief, do innocent people of New York or the students of the United Kingdom are regarded as crusaders in their opinions, which were killed in the 9/11 attacks at the World Trade Centre and London train bombings respectively. This would have really made anybody feel ridiculous of the statement, or of the terrorist dealings that are happening nowadays in the world. To take things more theoretically, we should try to gather around more facts. According to Diaa Rashwan, a senior researcher at the Al-Ahram Centre for Political and Strategic Studies, in mid 1990s, a merger between the Bin Laden groups and the Zawahiri’s Al-Jihad groups was the result of a new name of this group, Qa’edat al-Jihad that means a base provided for the Jihad (the struggle). In the context of this section, we can have an understanding of the concept and theology of the Al-Qaeda leaders. Once again, the word Jihad was taken as the primary objective and purpose of this militant group, which was totally against the teachings of Islam. The young Muslims were brought into Afghanistan for the training purpose, brainwashed by these militants, and were turned into new Afghani Mujahedeens. In the month of August 1988, according to a document of the Defense Department of the United States, the organization was defined as the establishment of an organization for the recruitment of young Muslims, and turning them into Afghani Mujahedeen, as mentioned previously in our discussion. It was also stated in this document that the one of the main objectives of this group was instituting the Islamist states throughout the world, while overthrowing the un-Islamic regimes, which were taken as enemies of the God. The expulsion of soldiers of the United States from the Gulf was their one of the targets, and in the end, it was their mission to capture the city of Jerusalem as a sacred city of Muslims. If we look into the past, wars have been fought in the name of religion. However, no religion and even in the history of Islamic wars, we have never seen a war, in which innocent people, women, children were killed. From the historical facts and the teachings of Islam, given by the Allah, a last option was given to the Muslims to fight in the name of their religion, if and only if, there was no other option remained in their hands. (Ajaja, pp. 67-69, 2006) This means that the Al-Qaeda leaders portray their activities as reflection of Islamic teachings, which is quite a wrong thing according to the history and teachings of Islam. We can decide through these statements and discussions that it is a wrong thing to call this militant group as an Islamic militant group. Political and social reasons can and may be behind the establishment of this group. Personal benefits and leisure have been the cause and motive of this organization. However, it would be very ludicrous to relate it with the Islam. In this regard, Al-Qaeda is a militant group with extremists misguided by some of the leaders who are Muslims for their own leisure, luxury, and fame. The statements and writings of these groups may give a perception of a religion that gives the teaching of spreading blood and hatred in the world. However, their statements are very philosophical and illiterate in nature, if properly investigated and studied, as already being done by a number of experts and professionals around the world. In the year 1998, the Al-Qaeda leader was interviewed once again and the tape was shown to people of the whole world. If we analyze his statements during that interview, Allah was praised by him for the help, by which, America’s greatest buildings were destroyed. He was seen thanking God for His blessings on them, and causing humiliation that was tasted by Muslims since more than eighty years. According to Bin Laden, Muslims’ children were being killed in Muslim countries, Israeli tanks were infesting Palestine, and the blood, honor, and sanctuaries of Islam were being abused by the infidels. Even then, nobody was seen moving a single limb against these infidels according to Bin Laden. In one of his statements, he said, ‘These events have divided the whole world into two sides. The side of believers and the side of infidels, may God keep you away from them. Every Muslim has to rush to make his religion victorious. The winds of faith have come. The winds of change have come to eradicate oppression from the island of Muhammad, peace be upon Him. ’ If we look into this statement, according to him, his world was at the peak of division of the believers and the infidels. Secondly, he had asked every Muslim to wake up and rush out for the victory of his religion. Even if we accept, the injustices caused to the Muslims, and the injuries borne by them, no Islamic teachings guided to response in this manner, even with the enemies. If we go back into the history, Prophet Muhammad, the last Prophet of the Allah, and who spread Islam in the Arabia, he had also fought many wars during his life. We can see the examples of forgiveness that He used to perform with the enemies, and even used to forgive those persons, who had abused him on the face, or even stoned His body. From the abovementioned examples, it can be analyzed that the militant and terrorist acts of this Al-Qaeda group was not more than acts of political wars. The statements of Al-Qaeda group may be primary religious, but in some parts. More fractions were used to humiliate the enemy and disgrace the religion of Islam, and that is the reason, which made even the Islamic countries to support the War of Terrorism, such as, Islamic Republic of Pakistan that has supported the abovementioned war for the eradication of Al-Qaeda forces in different regions of the world. Injustices were also done during this war of terrorism, and even innocent people became victims during this period. However, no difference remains, if a person slaps someone, who has just slapped him. Every religion that came in this world, taught and guided to speak the truth, help the people, and serve the humanity. Therefore, if a group of extremists that arm themselves, kill innocent people and children of the so-called enemies, and call them the true believers, they are truly wrong. In this regard, all the evidences show that the members of this militant group are just misguided and brainwashed in order to fulfill the personal wishes of the leaders. Only radical and illiterate ideology of a religion is represented by these groups, and once again, one may not deem them as the representatives of Islam, which has often being done by most of the media and political authorities around the world. It has been analyzed that media has played a crucial role in the advancement of extremism of these terrorist groups around the world, which should be stopped by the concerned authorities, in order to acquire peace in the globe. In order to understand their philosophy in more detail, we should examine their other statements too. A ‘fatwa’ (binding religious proclamation) was issued and co-signed by Osama bin Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri, Sumedh Gawai, and three of the other Islamist leaders on February 23, 1998. This edict was made under the banner of the World Islamic Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders. Once again, it was very wrong step by them to use the word Islamic, as it only disgraced this religion, rather than giving it honor. In this declaration, it was announced that â€Å"the ruling to kill the Americans and their allies, civilians and military is an individual duty of every Muslim, who can do it in any country in which, it is possible to do it, in order to liberate the al-Aqsa Mosque (in Jerusalem) and the Holy mosque (in Makka) from their grip, and in order for their armies to move out of all the lands of Islam, defeated and unable to threaten any Muslim. This is in accordance with the words of Almighty Allah, and fight the pagans all together as they fight you all together,’ and fight them until there is no more tumult or oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in Allah. ’ In the light of the abovementioned pronouncement, it was compulsory for every Muslim to come out of his/her home and start fighting with any Jew that comes in front of him. Is not that a preposterous proclamation, or should it be taken as a dangerous edict? The most interesting thing, which takes attention of any person, is that traditional Islamic scholarly qualifications were possessed by neither Osama bin Laden or al-Zawahiri. However, the contemporary ‘ulema’ (true providers of Islamic teachings) were rejected by these radical extremists, and this responsibility was taken upon them by themselves. The September 11, 2001 attacks at New York’s World Trade Center and the Pentagon were the deadliest and the extreme cases in the American, as well as, World history. Almost 3000 people were killed, which included Christians, Jews, and interestingly, even Muslims. This act was an elevated operation of terrorism, and it changed the lives of thousand of Americans, as well as, millions of people around the globe. In the month of October 2004, a videotape was released by Al-Jazeera, in which, Osama bin Laden claimed his responsibility of these attacks, and he stated his inspiration to be the 1982 Israeli attacks at the high-rises in the Lebanon. Once more, he performed this act of repetition that was done wrongly in the past in a reciprocal manner. Even if Israel had done a devilish act, Islam had taught to forgive and pray for the blessings, even for the enemies. However, what happened was totally different and diverse from the Islamic teachings. In this way, the Al-Qaeda once again performed an anti-Islamic act in front of the globe. In this videotape, Osama bin Laden said, ‘As I looked at those demolished towers in Lebanon, it entered my mind that we should punish the oppressors in kind and that we should destroy towers in America, in order that they taste some of what we tasted and so that they be deterred from killing our women and children. ’ It seems from these terrorism acts and their statements that this would not stop in the near future, and a war may not be the solution of this issue. Their philosophy, ideology, and psychology are related to their hearts, and that tends them to react in this state of terrorism. One more example of their statements is the incident of July 13, 2006. In the Srinagar region of Kashmir, a man claimed to be the representative of Al-Qaeda, and announced the Muslims of Kashmir and the people worldwide, of their arrival in this region. Kashmiri Muslims have been struggling since 1947, but declaration of Al-Qaeda from this event showed the chances of more extremism in this region. The spokesperson also attributed the recent blasts to his group, calling them a consequence of Indian oppression, which was suppressed by the Muslim minorities. These series of different statements showed the image of Muslims and particularly, Islam as a religion of war, rather than the peace. These acts can only be the motives of political benefits and advantages, as no Islamic teachings teach the Muslims to do the struggle in this manner, even against their enemies. Therefore, once again, it would be better to declare that these statements and writings can only be a reflection of motives behind personal promotion, rather than the religious beliefs and teachings. However, it is still confusing to decide the final resolution, as the Al-Qaeda’s nature and extent of its working and operations throughout the world, remains an area of dispute. It has been observed that Quranic teachings are used for the justification of their activities. However, this group has not ever accepted the Quranic teaching that has encouraged forgiving rather than a war. As earlier mentioned in the paper, it has been observed that a number of anti-terrorist forces have been created, peace organizations have struggled to approach a resolution; but nothing has provided any nonviolent and peaceful solution, which has been a serious concern for a number of nations and millions of people around the globe. In this respect, the War on Terrorism has been one of the major counter responses that have been planned and implemented in various parts of the country, in order to eliminate and eradicate the Al-Qaeda group from the map of this planet. However, high-tech equipments, facilities and resources of super powers, such as, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, etc. have not been enough to eliminate such groups, particularly, the Al-Qaeda that has been the basic inspiration and support for the minor groups. Following the attacks of World Trade Centre, military, legal, as well as, individual actions were performed by various countries, which were deemed as the War on Terrorism. For instance, Pakistan played a crucial role in the War on Terrorism, as its forces put many Al-Qaeda members behind the bars near the Pak-Afghan border. Before the commencement of the abovementioned war, a chance of surrender was given to some of the top leaders of the Al-Qaeda by the United States government that was rejected by them. However, a neutral country was considered by the extremist leaders for the trial of Osama bin Laden, if evidences of involvement of the leader would be provided by the U. S. government. In response, the United States government rejected the proposal and deemed it as irrelevant. In the result, Afghanistan was invaded by the Western allies, and Taliban government was removed during this war. Obliteration of training camps and infrastructure of the Al-Qaeda was done by the Western armies with the support of air forces of various countries. In the result, it has been analyzed that most of the Al-Qaeda was deteriorated and its members spread in different parts of the country in minor groups. Many of the militants were arrested, and mostly, killed during the aerial bombardment by the Western air forces. Initially, success was celebrated in this war; however, still, some of the top leaders including Osama bin Laden has not been caught by the Western forces. Moreover, it has been analyzed and noted by some of the experts that increment of 607 percent has been observed in the attacks by the militant groups, particularly, in the Iraq. The United States, as well as, Americans in other parts of the world has been noted as in great danger by most of the diplomats around the world. In addition, the War on Terrorism has not been won by the United States and its allies, as noted and believed by approximately eighty-five percent of the experts in the field of foreign policy. Thus, the Al-Qaeda has not been eliminated yet, and attacks are being observed every other day in different parts of the world, predominantly, the places with Western allies and Americans around the world. It cannot be said that the Al-Qaeda has been eliminated, nor the United States have lost the war. The case study of the Al-Qaeda is still a mystery for some, and conflict for others. Conclusion From the understanding of the mentioned statements, it can be articulated that these acts and thoughts are the result of hatred against the United States, Israel, and other Western countries, rather than an effort of struggling as per the teachings of Islam. According to their Islamic ideology, these abovementioned countries are taken as the infidels and enemies of the Islam. They take it as these countries are trying to abuse the social, economic, cultural, and traditional values of their religion. Many of the Saudi, Sufi, and Shia scholars, who were results of the previously mentioned Wahhabism, wrote about the United States as the country of corruption, despotism, evil, and aggression. It was considered as a state of spreading abomination and corruption in the world. The resources being used on wines, cigarettes, and sex channels were the causes of their hatred against these Western countries. In order to dominate their desire of revenge against these states, they portrayed themselves as the true representatives, scholars, and believers of the religion of Islam. Young Muslims were brainwashed and persuaded to sacrifice their lives for the motive of Islam. However, the main objective was to humiliate the enemy, rather than to honor the religion. The different proclamations of these extremists, such as, the future conquest of Rome and all of the European continent, the state of confrontation with the West, civilians in the infidel states deserve to die, democracy as the religion of the infidels, and considering the West as God’s enemy, are some of the many and various statements given by these extremists, which only portray their personal motives behind these acts, and not the Islamic ideology in any sense. Many experts, writers, investigators, and analysts have tried their best to analyze the Al-Qaeda’s position, in light of their statements and writings, but it is still a topic of argument due to its anonymity. However, we have tried our best to examine and scrutinize the testimonials of this militant group, in order to decide their role as an Islamic group representing their religious teachings and belief, or an extremist side of coin that is trying to cope up its problems radically. Conclusively, according to the investigations done by different experts, and facts available for the analysis, Al-Qaeda network do not exhibit or seems to be trying to portray an original picture and ideology, which was given by the Holy Quran or the Messenger of Allah, to the Muslims of the world. Thus, this paper has studied and discussed initial days of the Al-Qaeda group, the causes that resulted in the extremism of their ideology, and authorities and individuals that have influenced the advancement and development of the Al-Qaeda, which has resulted in deterioration of millions of lives and valuable resources in different parts of the world. We analyzed during the paper that one of the main purposes of this militant organization is the reestablishment of the caliphate that is the title given to an Islamic leader controlling the political leadership, as well as, religious leadership in the religion of Islam. It is hoped that this paper will help students, teachers, professionals, and experts in the better understanding of the role of Al-Qaeda in the terrorism that has worsened and weakened the peace in the globe. References Brad K. Berner. 2005. The World According to Al-Qaeda. Booksurge Llc. Daurius Figueira. 2004. The Al Qaeda Discourse of the Greater Kufr. IUniverse. Dele Ajaja. 2006. The Return of Al-Qaeda: When a Dreaded Terrorist Reaches the Turning Point. IUniverse. Jason Burke. 2004. Al-Qaeda: a True Story of Radical Islam. I. B. Tauris. Olivier Roy. 2004. Globalised Islam: the search for a new Ummah. C. Hurst Co. Publishers. Paul J. Murphy. 2004. The Wolves of Islam: Russia and the Faces of Chechen Terror. Brassey’s. Robert O. Marlin. 2005. What Does Al Qaeda Want? : Unedited Communiques. North Atlantic Books. .mce-content-body .mce-resizehandle.wildfire-hover { background: rgb(0, 0, 0); }; .mce-content-body [contenteditable="false"] [contenteditable="true"].wildfire-hover { outline: rgb(122, 202, 255) solid 2px; }; .mce-content-body img.wp-media.wildfire-hover { background-color: rgb(237, 237, 237); border-color: rgb(114, 119, 124); };a[data-wplink-url-error], a[data-wplink-url-error].wildfire-hover, a[data-wplink-url-error]:focus { outline: rgb(220, 50, 50) dotted 2px; position: relative; }; How to cite Ideology and Objectives of Osama Bin Laden and Al-Qaeda, Papers

License Plate Recognition free essay sample

The proposed algorithm consists of three major parts: Extraction of plate region, segmentation of characters and recognition of plate characters. For extracting the plate region edge detection and morphological operations are used. In segmentation part scan line algorithm is used. Character Segmentation for Devanagari Number Plates is also presented. Optical character recognition technique is used for the character recognition. The objective is to design an efficient automatic authorized vehicle identification system by using the vehicle number plate. Here we are presenting a smart and simple algorithm for vehicle’s license plate recognition system for Indian Vehicles. In this study, the proposed algorithm is based on extraction of plate region, segmentation of plate characters and recognition of characters. In India we find plates having Devanagari fonts as well (though according to rules it is not allowed). Character extraction for Devanagari font is slightly different as compared to English font because of the header line (shirorekha). We will write a custom essay sample on License Plate Recognition or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We propose algorithm for character extraction for Devanagari font. The recognized plate an be then compared with police hotlist database to identify stolen vehicles. The paper is organized as follows: Section II provides an overview of the overall system. Extracting the plate region is explained in Section III. Section IV gives the segmentation of individual plate characters. Section V deals with recognition of characters using optical character recognition based on statistical based template matching algorithm which uses correlation and section VI deals with verification of plate according to Indian rules. The paper concludes with Section VII. Keywords Devanagari, Edge detection, License plate recognition, Optical character recognition, segmentation. License plate recognition (LPR) is a form of Automatic Vehicle Identification. It is an image processing technology used to identify vehicles by only their license plates. Real time LPR plays a major role in automatic monitoring of traffic rules and maintaining law enforcement on public roads. The LPR system’s significant advantage is that the system can keep an image record of the vehicle which is useful in order to fight crime and fraud (an image is worth a thousand words). Early LPR systems suffered from a low recognition rate, lower than required by practical systems. The external effects (sun and headlights, bad plates, wide number of plate types) and the limited level of the recognition software and vision hardware yielded low quality systems. However, recent improvements in the software and hardware have made the LPR systems much more reliable and wide spread. 23 Emerging Trends in Computer Science and Information Technology -2012(ETCSIT2012) Proceedings published in International Journal of Computer Applications ® (IJCA) in night condition, contrast enhancement is important before further processing.

The Westward Expansion Essays - American Culture,

The Westward Expansion The westward expansion was a new concept for Americans in the 1770s. In their minds there was a abundance of land out west just waiting to be claimed. The people that moved out west thought they were doing no harm, but in reality they committing genocide which is the complete annihilation of an entire race of people. If somebody is taking things from you that is very special to you what is your natural reaction?. Its to fight back and try to regain the special thing back. That is what the native Americans did to the settlers started to take there land so they started to defend it. But no we didn't get the clue. We had no real consideration toward the native Americans. We didn't ask to take there land we just did. Also the Euro-Americans had this huge group of people coming expecting land to start a family and a bigger and better life for them selves. There is no way you're going to get so many people hopes up so hi the slam it down by saying that the Native American were there first so they all would have to go home. NO WAY!!. So we just kept on going on there were swarms of settlers they were coming from foreign countries and from the east. They needed a better more efficient way to transfer people and there belongings so we started making the railroad System. Back then everything was made be hand so the rail roads couldn't turn much so sometimes the rail roads would go right through the middle of a tribe. Ferther on with the completion with the rail roads more and more people came to settle in the west. Image living in that time as an Native American the feeling of hatred toward you from theses new people that don't even speak the same language as you, and are taking over your home land. If it were me not only would I be scared but I would be mad. Still after being attacked by the Native Americans we thought that they were trying to kill us so we fought back. We used the gun which is much more deadly then a bow and arrow or a spear. So the Native Americans couldn't do much to stop us. Eventually we made a treaty allowing the Indians there own spots of land for there people, and to try to live there live as they used to . Today there is still a predugest agents the native Americans. Some people look at the Native Americans and think that they are all drunks but those are all stereotypes. I believe that what we did was wrong but if we didn't do it I wouldn't be here today.

Free Essays on Burma

BURMA (The Union of Myanmar) The concept of human rights has existed for many centuries. People all around the world called on their rulers to rule justly and compassionately, and were eventually given rights on their own lives, properties and activities. However, even today, there are people whose human rights have been taken away from them by dictators and their governments. Burma (Myanmar) is one of those countries. For decades, its people have been facing terrible human rights violations, along with suffering the consequences of the deeds of a vicious tyrant, Ne Win. In 1948 Burma gained its independence, ending over six decades of British colonization (1886-1948). However, the worst was yet to come. By the mid 1950s the central government had control over the country, although the economy was deteriorating. A country that was once wealthy and rich in resources was being economically destroyed. In 1962 Ne Win took power and announced a new policy, â€Å"The Burmese Road to Socialism†. Ne Win retired as president of the republic in 1981, but retained the position as the chairman of the Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP), thus he continued to influence politics. The economy was still in decline through the 1980’s because nearly half of the government’s revenue was being given to the army. During the years of 1987 and 1988, the Burmese people demonstrated against the inefficient regime, demanding Ne Win’s removal from politics. He resigned in July 1988, yet the pro-democracy protests still continued. Ne Win’s National Unity Party (formerly known as the BSPP) did not want to give up power. A military coup took place in September 1988, which is believed to be organized by Ne Win; it brought the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC). This organization enforced martial law and promised to hold democratic elections. The SLORC then changed the country’s name to the Union of Myanmar. ... Free Essays on Burma Free Essays on Burma BURMA (The Union of Myanmar) The concept of human rights has existed for many centuries. People all around the world called on their rulers to rule justly and compassionately, and were eventually given rights on their own lives, properties and activities. However, even today, there are people whose human rights have been taken away from them by dictators and their governments. Burma (Myanmar) is one of those countries. For decades, its people have been facing terrible human rights violations, along with suffering the consequences of the deeds of a vicious tyrant, Ne Win. In 1948 Burma gained its independence, ending over six decades of British colonization (1886-1948). However, the worst was yet to come. By the mid 1950s the central government had control over the country, although the economy was deteriorating. A country that was once wealthy and rich in resources was being economically destroyed. In 1962 Ne Win took power and announced a new policy, â€Å"The Burmese Road to Socialism†. Ne Win retired as president of the republic in 1981, but retained the position as the chairman of the Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP), thus he continued to influence politics. The economy was still in decline through the 1980’s because nearly half of the government’s revenue was being given to the army. During the years of 1987 and 1988, the Burmese people demonstrated against the inefficient regime, demanding Ne Win’s removal from politics. He resigned in July 1988, yet the pro-democracy protests still continued. Ne Win’s National Unity Party (formerly known as the BSPP) did not want to give up power. A military coup took place in September 1988, which is believed to be organized by Ne Win; it brought the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC). This organization enforced martial law and promised to hold democratic elections. The SLORC then changed the country’s name to the Union of Myanmar. ...

Advice Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Advice Paper - Essay Example Do not leave anything out of the story. From your letter it sounds as if the whole thing was just a product of old memories surfacing. Explain this to Josh and let him know that you still want to be with him, not anybody else. Most importantly do no ever conceal anything from him again. His trust in you is already shaky; you do not want to damage it anymore, either by your actions or inactions. I understand it will be hard for you and Josh to discuss your affair but it needs to be done if you hope to save your relationship at all. Infidelity in relationships has been happening as long as men and women have been involved in committed relationships. According to Metts, Roscoe, Cavanaugh, and Kennedy, and Jones and Burdette two of the main types of betrayal are: infidelity, physical and emotional, and lying. Sexual infidelity comprises not only the act of sexual intercourse itself but also making out with someone else. Hansen reported that 70.9% of men and 57.4% of women admitted to some type of sexual activity with someone other than their partner. Gordon, Baucom, and Snyder stated that "infidelity is an interpersonally traumatic event for the couple and can be disruptive to their ability to function and interact with each other". Reactions to infidelity are varied depending on the seriousness of the infidelity as perceived by the injured partner. Buunk proposes three ways the injured partner will react to an affair. The first is angry retreat. The injured partner pulls away emotionally and physically, they see k revenge, or they end the relationship. The second way is accommodation. In this way the injured partner express loyalty, understanding, and forgiveness towards the offending partner. The final way is an assertive response. The injured partner tries to protect themselves and will voice their feelings and concerns. Repairing the relationship will not be an easy task. After such a major relational transgression as infidelity the injured partner will need time to work through their emotions. The previous commitment level will influence the outcome along with whether the injured partner is male or female. Men are more likely to be less inclined to forgiveness than women . At this point in the relationship the partners have a decision to make. Will they stay together or will they break-up In order to even try to repair the relationship the offending partner must prove than s/he is sorry and admit responsibility for the affair. The injured partner needs to feel empathy for the other partner in order for them to understand the relationship and head towards forgiveness. Guerrero, Andersen, & Afifi inform us that "forgiveness is a complicated process" and that "forgiving and forgetting are two different things". In a study done by Shackelford, Buss, and Bennet, consisting of 256 subjects, 61.9% of men reported that sexual intercourse upset them more, 65.1% of men found sexual infidelity harder to forgive, and 54.8% of men would end a relationship because of sexual infidelity. In another study conducted by Shackelford, LeBlanc, and Drass it was found that even the suspicion of an affair would produce jealously. Jealously can be a relational transgression itself or a side effect of another transgression. The most common signs are questioning a partner obsessively, wanting to be closer to the other partner, and needing to

Markets & Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Markets & Marketing - Essay Example A Market is the demographic and/or geographic group or groups of buyers for products and services on offer. It may be limited to a small area or may be worldwide but that is dependant on the type of product or service on offer. But a market can be defined only through the Marketing effort that is put in to exploit this market. The potential market may be larger but the market for a product or service is the targeted market for which it makes this effort. Using different methods, Marketing determines the size of the market that is being approached but this has to be a controlled exercise otherwise the effort will be aimless. Usually this data is drawn from valued sources such as the U.S. Postal Service Deliverable address counts, Equifax TotalSourceâ„ ¢ consumer database household counts, as well as state and local agencies. Some important databases are: National Change of Address (NCOA) is a database owned and updated by the United States Postal Service (USPS) It containing approximately 160 Million permanent address records filed with the USPS over the last 48 months. (NCOA) ï‚ · Mail Preference Service (MPS)  -   This list is managed by the Direct Marketing Association and lists people who have opted not to receive advertisements through mails. ï‚ · Deceased Master File Suppression  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ This list flags addresses whose primary residents have died. With this data it is possible to segment the market and subsequently to determine the target customers for the organization’s products. Once this data is available, the serious exercise of Segmentation begins. Markets are heterogeneous and are created by reasons of different values, needs wants, constraints, beliefs and incentives. Customers differ in their values and perceptions and want to purchase things that have value for them. Value is not just the monetary part, but also the usefulness and emotions that with go with it. The need and want play a great role in

Continuous Emission Monitoring System

Continuous Emission Monitoring System Continuous Emission Monitoring System (SO2 Measuring on Emission Gas). Â   CE 2.1 In this career episode report, I would like to describe my experience in Continuous Emission Monitoring System designing. CEMS systems are used for measuring flue gas for oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide to estimate the combustion control in industrial monitoring purpose. Nowadays it is considered as a standard to meet with various emission standards. Factories are operating CEMS system continuously to get the emission records and submit these data to respective state/federal authorities. BACKGROUND CE 2.2 Chemtrols is one of the leading solutions providers in Process Gas Analytics, Environment Safety and Emission Monitoring, Flow Measurementation, Chemical analysis and Automation, Instrumentation solutions, Data Handling and Fire safety Systems. It is a technology innovated company operated by a group of professionals having high technical abilities and proven project management track records. There are skilled teams to handling small to large assignments; they will deal numerous stages of the job such as design, procurement, integration, checking, troubleshooting, commissioning and maintenance. They successfully implemented many projects in various industries like Steel, Oil Gas, Cement, Power, Chemicals etc. as a specialized solution provider. CE 2.3 On 2010, I was assigned as the Senior Project Engineer of continuous emission monitoring project for Saint Gobin Glass Ltd. It was a prestigious moment for me working with Chemtrols since the projects were the first of its kind in Chennai India to measure the SO2 emission from the burning of flare stacks. The main objective of the proposed project included to designing of analyzer system, preparation of material specification, assembly with the analyser, calibration, testing, timely delivery and site supervision of complete analyzer package. I was assigned to reviewing the customer specification and inquiries to provide the feedback whether the facility was able to handle the job. I conducted multiple technical discussions with the customer to getting approval on documents, introducing changes/improvement to finalize the design before starting the fabrication. Due to various specific requirements from the customer during engineering stage, I had re-examined a lot of factors to achieve client requirements. Each and every time I have submitted a report to my supervisor about the cost, quality, functionality and schedule which were affected in the design. CE 2.4 I had performed the following activities to successfully complete the proposed project, I analyze the project requirement/purchase order and clarified the technical queries that have been pending during sales stage. Also defined the scope of work and materials to supply. I was authorized to generate the specification of materials required for the system and procure the same with the help of procurement team. I was assigning jobs to other team members those who involved in this project such as draftsman, production supervisors, fabricators, fitters, helpers, and electricians. I was responsible for scheduling the drafting team for preparing the engineering drawings. I prepared the weekly project status and monthly progress report to the organization as well as the customer for evaluation. These reports help me to review the project progress, budget and time schedule. I was conducted regular meeting with other team members to analyze the progress of individuals task and effectively deal all issues and difficulties to achieving the targets. I was frequently communicated with the client to confirm the design, quality, and progress of the jobs. I lead the team having engineering, fabrication, production and testing for the Analyser systems. I was started to compare similar equipment from different manufacturers based on project requirement. It helps me to measure the differences between price, quality, and reliability of it. I was rectified errors and mistakes made during engineering/fabrication and conduct an inquiry among my team to understand causes. After completion of each milestone, I conduct a group discussion session with my team members for an analysis about the same and guide them to achieve the next goal. CE 2.5 I have given the organizational structure of the proposed project in Fig 1 Fig 1: Organisation Structure of the Project 2. PERSONAL WORKPLACE ACTIVITY CE 2.6 Initially, this project was considered as a standard CEMS application similar to refinery flue gas stack. When I go through the detail of the project specification, I understood that it was totally dissimilar with refinery applications. The customer wants to measure Sulphur dioxide (SO2) gas content in the emitted gas to the atmosphere, then the measured SO2 reading to be recorded and submitted to State Pollution Control Board in a particular format suggested by them. As per State Pollution Control Board guideline, the SO2 range must be at least 2% lower than the limit. CE 2.7 After a lot of communication with the customer, I take an initiative to visit customer place with the project manager for a site survey to get a clear understanding of the site condition. I arranged a technical meeting with customers maintenance team. During the discussion, I understood more about the process and how it is non-identical with the emissions from other industries. There is a lot of highly dangerous gasses produced from the factory during normal operation. This is the cause of generating some corrosive gasses and acid upon contact with moisture. This gas is very harmful to human being and which may lead to blindness and other critical diseases. Due to the corrosive nature of this compound, I decided to use Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubing and glass materials for the project instead of stainless steel tubes. Normally stainless steel tubes and fittings are used in analyzer system. All other components of the system such as Sample Probe, Sample Heat Tracer Line, Sample gas cooler, flow meter, tubes and tube fittings are also checked for the suitability to this application. CE 2.8 In addition to this, I carried out an in-depth study of all the industrial standards and statutory regulations relevant to the project. I did research through manuals, journals, technical documents, consult my colleagues and seniors those who are expert in such application. With the support of this knowledge, I take it as a challenge to get customer appreciation. I choose appropriate equipment and materials according to my calculations. I take safety and accuracy as my first consideration of designed objects. Also, I consider geographical aspects of the proposed site location, maintenance provisions, and accessibilities, emergency precautions of the designed object. I provide very easy and simple methods for the installation and operation of equipment. So my system was very user-friendly and even a non-skilled person also can understand easily. My job mainly involved the following activities: Prepare standard detail material list (BOQ) for analyzer system include the quantity of materials with part numbers and brand (such as the analyzers, valves, heater, cabinets, tubes with fittings, electrical components, junction boxes, calibration gas, control relay etc). Design the schematic of sample condition system which involves necessary functional requirement at a lower cost. On basis of this, I prepared the complete drawing of analyzer system such as general arrangement, electrical wiring, logic, control and safety features of the analyser system. Produce the necessary technical calculation for the system such as sample transportation time, wake frequency, utility consumption, and phase calculation. Compose the quality related documents such as quality assurance plan, inspection test plan, factory acceptance test procedure and site acceptance test procedure. I inspected the major component at manufacturers workshop and witness the performance of the same. I included different ways of environmental protection and fire safety measures. I estimate which equipment is to be reconstructed and which one should be replaced by the new equipment. All these documents are submitted to the customer for approval and get their acceptance before starting the procurement activities. I clarified various queries raised by the customer and get their acceptance with slight modification. All components were procured as per the project requirement. I was closely monitoring the purchase activities to ensure that all materials shall be suitable for the project and under the proposed costing. Also, review the material receipt to confirm that the received materials are in usable condition. We had supplied Stainless steel probe to the customer to withstand at a temperature about 500 Degree C and provided additional arrangement on the probe to filter the HF for sampling. I specially designed a sample probe for this project. Also, introduce a new fully customized sample gas cooler made with glass coil to avoid any corrosion in the future. If we used stainless Steel cooler, then it is corroded and damaged within a week time. Similarly, I supervis ed the production and testing activities to finish the project at the scheduled time period. I have scheduled my works always because I have to work with several disciplines at the same time. My schedule always helps to balance my works and concentrate my subordinate group on time. I provide necessary information to other engineers involved in this project from different departments. Submitted all design basis to an assigned certifying authorities to get approval. CE 2.9 Around one month before the scheduled factory acceptance test, the customer informed that there are some changes in process parameters at the sample take off point. They provided a new specification having a huge change with the existing parameters. I noticed that there is a huge amount of moisture content and solid particles in the new sample. As a result of this, sample transportation line will chock (block) within a week and our analyzer system will not provide any result. All designing activities are finished and around 75% of fabrication was finished. I requested the management to hold all the fabrication activities until I finish the basic calculation with the new specification provided by the customer. I did the lag time calculation, phase calculation, wake frequency calculation and utility consumption within one day and proposed some modification on the existing design. After consulting with the project manager, I shared the action plan with our customer and get the acceptanc e from them to proceed further. Then we restart the production and testing activities. CE 2.10 I did the following design changes to ensure that the analyzer system will work at the site without any issues. The inner diameter of the sample tube is increased to 10mm instead of 4mm to avoid blockage. Due to sample tube size change, sample transportation time also increased from 56 seconds to 152 seconds. I implement a high capacity pump on the transportation to maintain the project specified sample transportation time (less than one minute). Implement an automatic air cleaning (30 seconds in every two hours) facility on the sampling line. Install redundant filter arrangement nearby the sample tapping point. As a result of this, Client can do the maintenance on each filter without disturbing the analyzer system. Maintain the temperature of transportation line around 20 Deg C above the dew point to avoid the contamination (water formation) at sampling line. Provide a moisture removal system nearby analyzer to resist the passage of water content to the analyser. With the above-mentioned changes, factory acceptance test was performed on the scheduled date and shipped the system to the site. As a result of this hard work, I managed to finish this project a couple of days before the scheduled closing date. The supplied system was successfully installed and commissioned at the customer location. Our team work was highly successful. CE 2.11 I strictly follow the customer specifications at all times of engineering and preparing technical data sheets very carefully. This technique was assisting me to avoid the cost over-runs and bring forth a consistency in the progress of project execution. After site completion, I concluded all my learning point from this project. I arranged an internal meeting with my team for a project closing discussion and prepared the project closure report. The technical competency within our design team increased. I had done a detailed examination of a lot of equipment and materials to perform the best design. I was coordinated with different disciplines of customer liaise the modifications and changes both technically as well as commercially. SUMMARY CE 2.12 In Conclusion, I had contributed myself to complete this Analyser System with extra activities, spend more personnel time to finish. The customer was very much appreciated for this work and they also had a learning point from this project because they already procured similar Analyser system from other supplier and failed within 2 months of operation. After 1 year operation, I received a received a feedback from the customer that the equipment is working fine. These kinds of projects are very beneficial for me to become competent in terms of taking care of other subdivisions, clients, and domains. I was learned the techniques to manage all difficult situations arising at different stages of the project. Clear up this kind of situation improve my managerial and technical skills in scheduling, supervising, monitoring and execution of big projects. I got vast experience in my career during my tenure with this company. During this period, I understood Instrumentation Engineering in depth and got a lot of opportunities to do what I had learned from my course.

The Challenge Of Defining Media And Technology In Teaching

Media has many definitions runing from â€Å" a peculiar signifier of communicating † as in â€Å" print versus picture † to â€Å" the industry that provides intelligence and amusement † as in â€Å" the media. † For the intents of this Literature Review media is defined as â€Å" all agencies of communicating, whatever its format † ( Reid, 1994, p. 51 ) . In this sense, media include symbol systems every bit diverse as print, artworks, life, sound, and gesture images. Similarly, engineering has many definitions runing from â€Å" the application of the scientific method to work out jobs as in ‘the engineering of infinite geographic expedition ‘ † to â€Å" the things or procedures which embody cognition or trade within a civilization as in ‘the engineering of composing ‘ . † Within this study, engineering is defined as â€Å" any object or procedure of human beginning that can be used to convey media. † In this sense, engineering includes phenomena every bit diverse as books, movies, telecasting, and the Internet. With regard to instruction, media are the symbol systems that instructors and pupils use to stand for cognition ; engineerings are the tools that allow them to portion their cognition representations with others. The confounding of media ( a symbol system ) with engineering ( a bringing system for media ) is improbable to travel off in popular discourse about instruction any clip shortly, but the differentiation between media and engineering must be clarified every bit unequivocally as possible if their impact is to be understood. The undermentioned quotation mark from the Sixth Edition of the Encyclopedia of Educational Research ( Alkin, 1992 ) clarifies this differentiation: Computer-based engineerings can non be regarded as â€Å" media, † because the assortment of plans, tools, and devices that can be used with them is neither limited to a peculiar symbol system, nor to a peculiar category of activities†¦ †¦ In this visible radiation, â€Å" the computing machine † is in fact a â€Å" many-sided innovation † of many utilizations, a symbolic tool for doing, researching, and believing in assorted spheres. It is used to stand for and pull strings symbol systems – linguistic communication, mathematics, music – and to make symbolic merchandises – verse forms, mathematical cogent evidence, composings. ( Salomon, 1992, p. 892 ) Salomon ‘s ( 1992 ) of import differentiations between media as symbol systems and engineerings as tools or vehicles for sharing media will be used throughout this paper Research shows that pupils learn more when they are able to interact with their instructors and their schoolmates and schoolroom engineering as stated by AACC Cerkovnik would assist to better the talks. Online tutorials, picture based categories. Smart classrooms cost between $ 19,000- $ 25,000. Training and aid would be needed to guarantee that this is a success though. Community College Journal Oct/Nov 2008 Before undertaking undertakings, pedagogues should 1 ) feel comfy utilizing engineering to learn, 2 ) understand the significance of civilization and the most effectual and appropriate ways to analyze it, and 3 ) employ didactically sound schemes for steering pupils in project-based acquisition experiences and easing coaction with instructors and pupils in international schoolrooms done through the whole procedure of making an on-line coaction. On-line instruction can ease, instructors can brainstorm collaborate portion success narratives and job solve and exchange thoughts and engage in Teacher Mentoring. Teacher mentoring is realized through the development of a personal relationship between new instructors and other professionals to add value to instruction. In our Caribbean Society we may happen that this is non frequently possible so instructors normally have to come up with originative solutions toward learning pupils and promoting larning while besides taking on the other duties that go along with the learning profession. The traditional schoolroom is expected to include a Television, DVD, a camera and a projector. A touch screen interfaces that individuals could utilize a touch screen so that they are able synergistic show of information and synergistic whiteboards to utilize in the schools. Even traveling online can increase a individual ‘s use of synergistic online larning environment. Maddux ( 1998 ) says that the ground that engineering has been unsuccessful in the schoolroom is that a ) it is caused by a deficiency of fund B ) those changed by attitudinal alterations. Research shows that pupils learn more when they are able to interact with their instructors and their schoolmates and schoolroom engineering as stated by AACC Cerkovnik would assist to better the talks. Online tutorials, picture based categories. Smart classrooms cost between $ 19,000- $ 25,000. Training and aid would be needed to guarantee that this is a success though. Community College Journal Oct/Nov 2008MANAGING Student Academic Work can besides help in the controlling of inappropriate behavior.Most inappropriate behaviour in schoolrooms that is non earnestly riotous and can be managed by comparatively simple processs that prevent escalation. Effective schoolroom directors pattern accomplishments that minimize misbehavior and the pattern and usage of engineering in the schoolroom can do this a world. When pupils ‘ attending are engaged it makes it less likely for them to desire to be involved in other unproductive activities. It now makes it easier for the instructor to ai rt the pupil to what the remainder of the category should be making ( This could besides hold the consequence of being a distraction from the usual chalk/whiteboard and speak methods that are traditional in the execution of learning in the schoolroom ) – More serious, riotous behaviours such as combat, uninterrupted break of lessons, ownership of drugs and stealing require direct action harmonizing to school board regulation.Basic rules of schoolroom clip direction allows us to acknowledge that allowing pupils take over lets them take the enterprise to be antiphonal to the schoolroom moral force in group activitiesThe instructor nevertheless must ever be the usher assisting the pupils to work through whatever jobs that that your estimation is low.In schoolrooms, the most prevailing positive effects are intrinsic pupil satisfaction ensuing from success, achievement, good classs, societal blessing and acknowledgment. This is why societal networking sites such as MySpace, Facebook and Twitter are every bit of import as they contribute widely to the whole construct of societal acknowledgment.While congratulations used efficaciously can increase a pupil ‘s assurance and therefore their public presentation it must be express ed in a genuineness, and must be hone in on a specific quality of a kid. Technology helps the kid to detect the quality that they may hold determined to be missingTechnology in our busy mundane lives help us to salvage clip. Can you conceive of a life without microwaves and autos. One in which we have to walk mundane to travel to our assorted finishs? This may look merely the impossible. While many may look to be against the usage of telecasting and the computing machine as primary agencies to replacing learning in the schoolroom this may non ever be a negative. The following shows us some grounds: Dorr ( 1992 ) indicates that most kids in the USA position less than 30 proceedingss of telecasting a hebdomad in school whereas their place telecastings are on about seven hours per twenty-four hours! Why is n't telecasting used more widely in instruction? The instructor plays the major function in make up one's minding what happens in the schoolroom, and every bit long as instructors experience trouble in previewing picture, obtaining equipment, integrating plans into the course of study, and associating telecasting programming to assessment activities, telecasting screening will go on to be comparatively rare in schoolrooms. It besides seems likely that the widespread public belief that telecasting has damaging effects on development, acquisition, and behaviour will go on to restrict telecasting integrating within most schoolrooms beyond that of a comparatively modest auxiliary function. aˆ? There is no conclusive grounds that telecasting stultifies the head. aˆ? There is no consistent grounds that telecasting additions either hyperactivity or passiveness in kids. aˆ? There is deficient grounds that telecasting sing displaces academic activities such as reading or prep and thereby has a negative impact on school accomplishment. The relationship between the sum of clip spent sing telecasting and achievement trial tonss is curvilineal with achievement lifting with 1-2 hours of telecasting per twenty-four hours, but falling with longer sing periods. aˆ? The research grounds indicates that sing force on telecasting is reasonably correlated with aggression in kids and striplings. aˆ? Most surveies show that there are no important differences in effectivity between unrecorded instructor presentations and pictures of instructor presentations. aˆ? Television is non widely in schoolrooms because instructors experience trouble in previewing picture, obtaining equipment, integrating plans into the course of study, and associating telecasting programming to assessment activities. The findings refering the impact of computer-based direction ( CBI ) in instruction can be summed up as: aˆ? Computers as coachs have positive effects on larning as measured by standardised accomplishment trials, are more motivative for pupils, are accepted by more instructors than other engineerings, and are widely supported by decision makers, parents, politicians, and the populace in general. aˆ? Students are able to finish a given set of educational aims in less clip with CBI than needed in more traditional attacks. aˆ? Limited research and rating surveies indicate that incorporate larning systems ( ILS ) are effectual signifiers of CBI which are rather likely to play an even larger function in schoolrooms in the foreseeable hereafter. aˆ? Intelligent tutoring system have non had important impact on mainstream instruction because of proficient troubles built-in in constructing pupil theoretical accounts and easing human-like communications. Overall, the differences that have been found between media and engineering as coachs and human instructors have been modest and inconsistent. It appears that the larger value of media and engineering as coachs remainders in their capacity to actuate pupils, addition equity of entree, and cut down the clip needed to carry through a given set of aims.Learning â€Å" With † Media and Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Computer-based cognitive tools have been deliberately adapted or developed to work as rational spouses to enable and ease critical thought and higher order larning. Examples of cognitive tools include: databases, spreadsheets, semantic webs, adept systems, communications package such as teleconferencing plans, online collaborative cognition building environments, multimedia/hypermedia building package, and computing machine scheduling linguistic communications. In the cognitive tools attack, media and engineering are given straight to scholars to utilize for stand foring and showing what they know. Learners themselves function as interior decorators utilizing media and engineering as tools for analysing the universe, accessing and construing information, forming their personal cognition, and stand foring what they know to others The foundations for utilizing package as cognitive tools in instruction are: aˆ? Cognitive tools empower scholars to plan their ain representations of cognition instead than absorbing representations preconceived by others. aˆ? Cognitive tools can be used to back up the deep reflective thought that is necessary for meaningful acquisition. aˆ? Cognitive tools enable aware, disputing larning instead than the effortless acquisition promised but seldom realized by other instructional inventions. aˆ? Ideally, undertakings or jobs for the application of cognitive tools will be situated in realistic contexts with consequences that are personally meaningful for scholars. aˆ? Using multimedia building plans as cognitive tools engages many accomplishments in scholars such as: undertaking direction accomplishments, research accomplishments, organisation and representation accomplishments, presentation accomplishments, and contemplation accomplishments.â€Å" Learning From † and â€Å" Learning With † Media and Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .There are two major attacks to utilizing media and engineering in schools: pupils can larn â€Å" from † media and engineering, and they can larn â€Å" with † media and engineering ( Jonassen & A ; Reeves, 1996 ) . Learning â€Å" from † media and engineering is frequently referred to in footings such as instructional telecasting, computer-based direction, or incorporate larning systems ( Hannafin, Hannafin, Hooper, Rieber, & A ; Kini, 1996 ; Seels, Berry, Fullerton, & A ; Horn, 1996 ) . Learnin g â€Å" with † engineering, less widespread than the â€Å" from † attack, is referred to in footings such as cognitive tools ( Jonassen & A ; Reeves, 1996 ) and constructivist acquisition environments ( Wilson, 1996 ) . Regardless of the attack, media and engineering have been introduced into schools because it is believed that they can hold positive effects on instruction and acquisition. The intent of this study is to sum up the grounds for the effectivity and impact of media and engineering in schools around the universe. ( A restriction of this study is that the huge bulk of the published research on the effectivity of media and engineering in schools was conducted in English-speaking states such as Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. ) Research surveies refering the impact of these different attacks will be presented in the following two subdivisions of this study. But first, it is necessary to clear up what is meant by the footings â€Å" media † and â€Å" engineering † within the context of instruction. regarded as incorrect ; medium is preferred. ( Berube, 1993, p. 846 )The Importance of Media and Technology in Education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .One ground for the attending being paid to media and engineering in instruction reflects commercial or corporate involvements. Although printed stuff continues to be â€Å" the dominant medium format † in schools ( Molenda, Russell, & A ; Smaldino, 1998, p. 3 ) , a recent Presidential study in the USA recommends that â€Å" at least five per centum of all public K-12 educational disbursement in the United States ( or about $ 13 billion yearly in changeless 1996 dollars ) should be earmarked for technology-related outgos†¦ . † Still another ground for the focal point on media and instruction stems from crisp dissensions about the value of media and engineering in instruction. Enthusiastic indorsements of new media and engineerings in instruction are easy to happen in intelligence studies, political addresss, and other beginnings. Many of these announcements seem overly-optimistic if non inflated. See this quotation mark from Lewis Perelman ‘s 1993 book titled School ‘s Out: Because of the permeant and powerful impact of HL ( hyperlearning ) engineering, we now are sing the disruptive coming of an economic and societal transmutation more profound than the industrial revolution. The same engineering that is transforming work offers new larning systems to work out the jobs it creates. In the aftermath of the HL revolution, the engineering called â€Å" school † and the societal establishment normally thought of as â€Å" instruction † will be as disused and finally nonextant as the dinosaurs. ( p. 50 ) A typical illustration of this comes from the present Government of Trinidad and Tobago ‘d want to give free laptops to SEA pupils in the center of September 2010. However, despite such rhetoric and other, more conservative, optimism expressed in the popular imperativeness and authorities paperss, there are besides many sceptics and a few vocal critics of media and engineering in instruction. A recent screen narrative of The Atlantic Monthly entitled â€Å" The Computer Delusion † illustrates a critical position of engineering in instruction, get downing with this opening sentence: There is no good grounds that most utilizations of computing machines significantly better instruction and acquisition, yet school territories are cutting plans – music, art, physical instruction – that enrich kids ‘s lives to do room for this doubtful panacea, and the Clinton Administration has embraced the end of â€Å" computing machines in every schoolroom † with credulous and dearly-won enthusiasm. ( Oppenheimer, 1997, p. 45 ) . One would believe that the plans such as the Arts and the music will be what the pupils will most likely want to acquire involved with as these countries are more synergistic. Another popular belief is that telecasting screening is damaging to the academic accomplishment of school-age kids and teens. While some surveies have reported a negative correlativity between the sum of telecasting screening and scholastic public presentation, such statistics are susceptible to misunderstandings because of step ining variables such as intelligence and socioeconomic position ( Seels et al. , 1996 ) .Undoubtedly, the most widespread belief about telecasting is that it fosters force and aggressive behaviours among kids and striplings ( Winn,Research ConsequencesThe most positive research intelligence about larning â€Å" from † telecasting can be found in the schoolroom where 40 old ages of research show positive effects on larning from telecasting plans that are explicitly produced and used for instructional intents ( Dorr, 1992 ; Seels et al. , 1996 ) . In add-on, most surveies show that there are no important differences in effectivity between unrecorded inst ructor presentations and pictures of instructor presentations ( Seels et al. , 1996 ) . More significantly, there is strong grounds that telecasting is used most efficaciously when it is deliberately designed for instruction and when instructors are involved in its choice, use, and integrating into the course of study ( Johnson, 1987 ) . Historically, surveies of the large-scale executions of instructional telecasting have shown assortedFuture NeedsUnfortunately, there is a dearth of developmental research focused on how instructors might outdo usage telecasting in the schoolroom to heighten academic accomplishment. We know that motive is an of import factor in deriving the most from any educational experience, but we do n't cognize how instructors can efficaciously actuate pupils to go to to educational telecasting. We know that feedback refering the message received ( or non received ) from telecasting is of import, but we lack clear waies as to when and how instructors should supply that feedback. And even when recommendations for utilizing telecasting in the schoolroom do be ( Stone, 1997 ) , there is small grounds that these guidelines are built-in parts of the course of study in most teacher readying plans ( Waxman & A ; Bright, 1993 ) .Learning â€Å" from † Computers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The earliest signifiers of computer-based direction were to a great extent influenced by the behavioural psychological science of B.F. Skinner ( 1968 ) . These plans were basically automated signifiers of programmed direction. They presented information to the pupil in little sections, required the pupil to do open responses to the information as stimulation, and provided feedback to the pupil along withdifferential ramification to other sections of direction or to drill-and-practice modus operandis. Although this basic behavioural theoretical account continues to rule mainstream educational applications of computing machines such as incorporate larning systems ( Bailey, 1992 ) , interactivity in some of today ‘s most advanced applications, such as constructivist larning environments ( Wilson, 1996 ) , is based upon progresss in cognitive psychological science and constructivist teaching method ( Coley et al. , 1997 ) ( see Section Three of this study ) .Research ConsequencesThe good intelligence is that even with a chiefly behavioural teaching method, computing machines as coachs have positive effects on larning as measured by standardised accomplishment trials, are more motivative for pupils, are accepted by more instructors than other engineerings, and are widely supported by decision makers, parents, politicians, and the populace in general ( Coley et al. , 1997 ; President ‘s Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology, 1997 ) .Integrated Learning SystemsIntegrated larning systems ( ILS ) utilize computing machine webs to unite comprehensive educational â€Å" courseware † with centralised direction tools.. In a particular issue of Education Technology magazine devoted to ILS, Bailey ( 1992 ) asked two primary inquiries: â€Å" Why do they ( ILS ) continue to rule the school engineering market? Are they every bit effectual as the sellers claim? † ( p. 3 ) . Why are ILS so popular among pedagogues, at least those with the power to do buying determinations? Bailey ( 1993 ) and Becker ( 1992b ) depict some of the sensed advantages of incorporate larning systems that help to explicate why ILS dominate the school engineering market, Networking allows centralized direction by instructors and decision makers.The Effects of Learning with and of TechnologySalomon, Perkins, and Globerson ( 1991 ) make an of import differentiation between the effects of larning with and of engineering: First, we distinguish between two sorts of cognitive effects: Effectss with engineering obtained during rational partnership with it, and the effects of it in footings of the movable cognitive residue that this partnership leaves behind in the signifier of better command of accomplishments and schemes. ( p. 2 )Easy Learning?Cognitive tools are learner-controlled, non teacher-controlled or technology-driven. For illustration, when pupils build databases, they are besides building their ain conceptualisation of the organisation of a sphere of cognition. Cognitive tools are non designed to cut down information processing, that is, do a undertaking easier, ( Perkins, 1993 ) . The nature and beginning of the undertaking or job is paramount in applications of cognitive tools. Past failures of â€Å" tool † attacks to utilizing computing machines in instruction can be attributed mostly to the delegating of the tools to traditional academic undertakings set by instructors or the course of study. Cognitive tools are intended to be used by pupils to stand for cognition and work out jobs while prosecuting probes that are relevant to their ain lives. These probes are ideally situated within a constructivist larning environment ( Duffy, Lowyck, & A ; Jonassen, 1993 ) . Cognitive tools wo n't be effectual when used to back up teacher-controlled undertakings entirely.Multimedia as a Cognitive ToolAnother facet that we would look at is the usage of of multimedia building package Programs. Multimedia is the integrating of more than one medium into some signifier of communicating or experience delivered via a computing machine. Most frequently, multimedia refers to the integrating of media such as text, sound, artworks, life, picture, imagination, and spacial mold into a computing machine system ( von Wodtke, 1993 ) . Using comparatively cheap desktop computing machines, users are now able to capture sounds and picture, manipulate sound and images to accomplish particular effects, synthesise sound and picture, create sophisticated artworks including life, and incorporate them all into a individual multimedia presentation Multimedia presentations are prosecuting because they are multimodal. In other words, multimedia can excite more than one sense at a clip, and in making so, may be more eye-catching and attention-holding.In the cognitive tools attack, multimedia is non a signifier of direction to larn from, but instead a tool for building and larning with. Learners may make their ain multimedia cognition representations that reflect their ain positions on or understanding of thoughts. Or scholars may join forces with other scholars to develop a schoolroom or school multimedia cognition base.Research ConsequencesIdeally, undertakings or jobs for the application of multimedia building package as a cognitive tool should be situated in realistic contexts with consequences that are personally meaningful for scholars. Beichner ( 1994 ) studies on a undertaking where these conditions were met in a alone manner. The topics in this Carver, Lehrer, Connell, and Ericksen ( 1992 ) list some of the major thought accomplishments that scholars learn and use as multimedia interior decorators: Project Management Skills aˆ? Making a timeline for the completion of the undertaking. aˆ? Allocating resources and clip to different parts of the undertaking. aˆ? Delegating functions to team members. Research Skills aˆ? Determining the nature of the job and how research should be organized. aˆ? Presenting thoughtful inquiries about construction, theoretical accounts, instances, values, and functions. aˆ? Searching for information utilizing text, electronic, and pictural information beginnings. aˆ? Developing new information with interviews, questionnaires and other study methods. aˆ? Analyzing and construing all the information collected to place and construe forms. Organization and Representation Skills aˆ? Deciding how to section and sequence information to do it apprehensible. aˆ? Deciding how information will be represented ( text, images, films, sound, etc. ) . aˆ? Deciding how the information will be organized ( hierarchy, sequence ) and how it will be linked. Presentation Skills aˆ? Maping the design onto the presentation and implementing the thoughts in multimedia. aˆ? Attracting and keeping the involvements of the intended audiences. Contemplation Skills aˆ? Measuring the plan and the procedure used to make it. aˆ? Revising the design of the plan utilizing feedback. something â€Å" from † these communications. The instructional procedures built-in in the â€Å" from † attack to utilizing media and engineering in schools can be reduced to a series of simple stairss: 1 ) exposing pupils to messages encoded in media and delivered by engineering, 2 ) presuming that pupils perceive and encode these messages, 3 ) necessitating a response to bespeak that messages have been received, and 4 ) supplying feedback as to the adequateness of the response. Television and the computing machine are the two primary engineerings used in the â€Å" from † attack. The findings refering the impact of telecasting in instruction can be summed up as: aˆ? There is no conclusive grounds that telecasting stultifies the head. aˆ? There is no consistent grounds that telecasting additions either hyperactivity or passiveness in kids. aˆ? There is deficient grounds that telecasting sing displaces academic activities such as reading or prep and thereby has a negative impact on school accomplishment. The relationship between the sum of clip spent sing telecasting and achievement trial tonss is curvilineal with achievement lifting with 1-2 hours of telecasting per twenty-four hours, but falling with longer sing periods. aˆ? The preponderance of the research grounds indicates that sing force on telecasting is reasonably correlativeJournal of Research on Technology and EducationPractical Learning A Vital OpportunityBy Kate Shoesmith, Senior Manager for Policy & A ; Practice, City & A ; Guilds Centre for Skills DevelopmentEmbracing Technology in the Secondary School Curriculum: The Status in Two Eastern Secondary Schools.Karleen A Mason The Journal of Negro Education ; Winter 2007 ; Vol 76, No. 1 ; Academic Research Library pg. 5The Impact of Media and Technology in Schools A Research Report prepared for The Bertelsmann Foundation Thomas C. Reeves, Ph.D. The University of Georgia February 12, 1998Global Projects and Digital Tools that Make pupils Global scholars by Sheila Offman GershCultureQuest undertakings can be viewed at hypertext transfer protocol: //culturequest.us/sample_projects.htm, hypertext transfer protocol: //culturequest.us/teacherprojects.html, and hypertext transfer protocol: //tec hshowcase.googlepages.comTeachers mentoring other instructors: What to make and what to avoid when offering teacher supportby Christina Pomoni